Chemist who became a very prestigious botanist in América. He was born in Jaca (Huesca) and was the son of a Noble family. He studied both philosophy and chemistry. He started working as a chemist in two small towns in our region, and then he went to Cádiz, a larger city in the south of the Spain.
In Cádiz he was named chemist of the Royal Navy. He then was transferred to Puerto Rico and worked in the Royal Hospital. He always had scientific correspondance with the Botanical Garden in Madrid and soon became famous among the Botanist of the Royal court. Once he had projected the "Expedición Botanica de Nueva España" by initiative of Martin Sessé he was named Botanical Associated. He worked hard for five years and then travelled to the wild forest of Tarahumara where he caught Escorbuto and after a few months died. He was the author of one of the most important job of Spain in América. He left 4,000 pesos for the printing of his "flora Mejicana" and in his will he stated it was his contribution as he couldn’t go on with his work.
His companion Vicente Cervantes named the tree of the "Hule" "Castilla Elástica" in his honour. There is a manuscript in the Botanic gardens of Madrid where he describes the plants he studied in his trip to Acapulco.

LUCAS MALLADA Y CUELLO
(1841-1921)
Founder of Spanish Paleontology, he is the author of the most important manual of his time, in Spain, on the fossil species. 

Born in Huesca, Mallada was a mine engineer and a real scientist, in addition to a sociologist and a theoretical politician, deserving exactly the title of founder of Spanish Paleontology. His activity switched between two important poles; on the one hand, his extraordinary work as the author of an important book, "The evils of the mother country and the Spanish revolution", work of enormous regenerating character and wide influence.
He developped a constant work all over Spain, making a remarkable series of geologic maps that he published in eight volumes about the provinces of Huesca, Teruel, Cordoba, Jaén, Cáceres, Navarra, León and Tarragona, being published the scientific synthesis of the investigations in the form of Explanation of the Geologic Map of Spain.
Related to the Free Institution of Education, Mallada felt a vocation for the scientific spreading, publishing a summary, "Synopsis of the fossil species that have been found out in Spain", analyzing and describing over 1500 fossils richly illustrated. With a specialized treatment, he approached his masterwork builds catalogue of the fossil species found in Spain, documenting a great number of unpublished fossils. Besides he is the author, of the useful "Physical and Geologic description of the province of Huesca".
In 1897 he joineed the Academy of Sciences with its significant speech Progresses of Spanish geology during XIXTh century.
 Born in Huesca, Mallada was a mine engineer and a real scientist, in addition to a sociologist and a theoretical politician, deserving exactly the title of founder of Spanish Paleontology. His activity switched between two important poles; on the one hand, his extraordinary work as the author of an important book, "The evils of the mother country and the Spanish revolution", work of enormous regenerating character and wide influence.
He developped a constant work all over Spain, making a remarkable series of geologic maps that he published in eight volumes about the provinces of Huesca, Teruel, Cordoba, Jaén, Cáceres, Navarra, León and Tarragona, being published the scientific synthesis of the investigations in the form of Explanation of the Geologic Map of Spain.
Related to the Free Institution of Education, Mallada felt a vocation for the scientific spreading, publishing a summary, "Synopsis of the fossil species that have been found out in Spain", analyzing and describing over 1500 fossils richly illustrated. With a specialized treatment, he approached his masterwork builds catalogue of the fossil species found in Spain, documenting a great number of unpublished fossils. Besides he is the author, of the useful "Physical and Geologic description of the province of Huesca".
In 1897 he joineed the Academy of Sciences with its significant speech Progresses of Spanish geology during XIXTh century.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born in May 1852 in the small town of Petilla of Aragon. His father was at that time the village surgeon
Cajal was a rebellious teenager, and his father apprenticed him for a while to a shoemaker and to a barber. Cajal, however, had decided to become an artist. His passion for drawing, his sensitivity to visual esthetics and his talent in converting visual images into drawings remained the hallmarks of his future scientific activity. Finally enrolled in the medical school at Zaragoza, as a young student, Cajal, seized by a "graphic mania," was very fond of philosophy and gymnastics, restless, energetic, shy and solitary. He graduated in medicine at the University of Zaragoza in 1873. Shortly after his degree he was drafted into the army and dispatched to Cuba, at that time under Spanish rule, as a medical officer. Cajal returned to Spain very sick (he had contracted malaria in Cuba, and then tuberculosis), and at the end of 1875 he started his academic career as "Auxiliary Professor" of Anatomy at the University of Zaragoza.
In 1879 he married Silvería Fañanás García, a non-educated young woman, who stood at his side for the rest of their lives (she died in 1930). They had seven children (two of them died in their childhood).
In 1883, Cajal was appointed to the chair of Anatomy in Valencia. At the end of 1887 Cajal moved to Barcelona, where he accepted the chair of Normal and Pathological Histology, and in 1892 he was appointed Professor of Histology and Pathological Anatomy at the University of Madrid.
Cajal’s opus provided the foundation of modern neuroanatomy, with a detailed description of nerve cell organization in the central and peripheral nervous system of many different animal species, and was illustrated by Cajal’s renowned drawings, which for decades (and even nowadays) have been reproduced in neuroscience textbooks.
Cajal his died in Madrid in 1934.

MIGUEL SERVET
(1511?-1553)
A Humanist, doctor, theologian, astronomer, geographer, mathematician, poliglothe, innovator of the thought and science, he was burned alive.
Burnt alive, to death, in a dampened wood pyre to add to the suffering of his agony, he was born in Villanueva de Sijena and he was burnt to death in Geneva, on the Champel hill, where a small engraving tries, to repair the delayed legal misdeed..
Exceptional man, detested, persecuted during all his life and condemned by the inquisitorial fanaticism of Spaniards, German, French and Swiss, he must have had a very ardent temperament and shown an uncommon intellectual originality. One of his more implacable critics, Menéndez Pelayo, assures that none of the heterodox ones of his time surpasses Servet "in boldness and originality of ideas, in the order and consequence of his errors".
His father was a notary. He made him learn Latin, Greek and Hebrew. He left, already "with airs of reformer prophet", for Toulouse, in 1528, to study for a long time. Later, he was appointed as a secretary by Quintana, just apppointed the confesor of Carlos I and this social promotion let him to travel around Italy and Germany, between 1529 and 1530, before his thirties. In Basel he published his famous "De erroribus Trinitatis". (1531), with which he became the enemy of Zuinglio. He had to leave the Swiss city and to flee to France, where he became a quest to the Treschsel family, important printers from Lyon. There he quoted and published the Geography of Ptolomeo, in a work of great quality that, according to some scholars, does of him the forefather of compared geography.
In Lyon he met doctor Champier, who excited him with his science: in order to extend it he went to Paris, where he received the ranks of master in Arts and Medicine doctor. He discovered the lung circulation (of which surprising, he death with when treating on the Spirit Holy, in his important "Christianismi restitutio", of 1553) and spent eleven years of semi-concealed life in Vienne (Delfinado) with the false name of Michael of Villanueva. (of Sijena), wanted for by the Spanish and French inquisidores.
Meanwhile, maintained a furious written discussion with Calvin, the great reformer, whose warth he ignited when Servet published thirty of letters crossed him. Calvin accused him of herexy. He had, again, to flee and foolishly, did it to Geneva, where his main enemy lived. He entered a church in which this one was preaching and was recognized and denounced. The Genevan court, out of the moderate defense that did of himself, was inclined to the benevolence. But Calvin extended, illegally, the cause, lobbied as much as he could and obtained the cruel sentence that has been mentiond. Next to the Leman lake where left his ashes and his books, burned with him, on Oct. 27^th, 1553.

Mathematician, philosopher and teacher of Luis vives.
The world famous humanist Gaspar Lax, born in Sariñena, Huesca, was one of the first students in the first stage of the recently established University of Zaragoza, where he got a degree in Arts and Technology; he went to Calvi College in Paris, called "the little Soborne", and he worked there with Scottish John Mayr, who, together with Spanish Jerónimo Pardo, led the nominalist school of Paris. In 1525 he was professor of Mathematics and Philosophy at the General Study (University) of Zaragoza, where he was vice-chancellor and lectured until his death. He was buried in Saint Nichola`s church. He achieved great fame as a mathematician mainly. Arithmetica speculative magistri Gasparis Lax Aragonensis de Sarinyena duodecim libri demostrata (Paris, 1515) and other works of his showed his teaching, from which Luis Vives, Juan de Celaya and Pedro Sanchez Ciruelo learnt, although he was known as "the prince of the Parisian sophisty" because of his scholasticism. Apart from his teaching activity and his works in Paris, he published, in Zaragoza, Quaestiones phisicales (1527) and Calculationes Generales philosophice (1517), wich earned him a lot of followers. In the hard first years of the University of Zaragoza, he was one of the most reputable professors, and in the European panorama in his day, he led the trend called "speculative mathematics".

PEDRO ALFONSO
(1076? – 1140?)
Pedro Alfonso himself provided to us most of the very few records we have got about him. We know that he was from Huesca, he got baptized and converted in to the Christianism in 1106 and that Alfonso I acted as his godfather. We also know that he traveled to England as "magister" in liberal arts and in astronomy, having like pupil to the prior of the monastery of Malvern, who learned with him the arabic system of astronomical graduation. He may have come back to Zaragoza around 1121.

As far as his scientific work, the bulk that has arrived to us is not great, and these have done it in addition in fragmentary state nevertheless by testimonies, from the English scholars whose master he was in England, such Walcher of Malvern or Adelard of Bath- we know of his important role as a cultural translator from the Eastern culture to the West. Among works to which he is related to the relevant one is "On Dracone", that would deal with the calculation of the movements of the stars, or "On Astronomy", consisting of a astronomical grids according to the Arab, Persian and Latin calendars. With them and the aid of astrolab it was possible to find out, for the first time and with accuracy, the ascending positions of the sun, moon, and the five known planets.
But Pedro Alfonso has been specially associated to his "Clericalis Discipline", his most famous work, through which very many medieval stories, translated into Latin, were spread in Europe apart from stablishing some didactic models that would be followed by other medieval authors.
To sum it up, even if Pedro Alfonso were not a great creator, he was a manyfold, innovator, anxious man, with an eagerness of constant renovation, and who exerted an important teaching, not only in the Hispanic context, but thoughout the Europe of his time.